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The M16 rifle, officially designated ''Rifle, Caliber 5.56 mm, M16'', is a United States military adaptation of the ArmaLite AR-15 rifle.〔Kern, Danford Allan (2006). (The influence of organizational culture on the acquisition of the m16 rifle ). m-14parts.com. A thesis presented to the Faculty of the US Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE, Military History. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas〕〔Kokalis, Peter G. (Retro AR-15 ). nodakspud.com〕 The original M16 was a select-fire, 5.56×45mm rifle with a 20-round magazine. In 1963, the M16 entered United States Military service and was deployed for jungle warfare operations during the Vietnam War.〔Rose, pp. 380 & 392.〕 In 1969, the M16A1 replaced the M14 rifle to become the U.S. military's standard service rifle.〔Ezell, Edward Clinton (1983). Small Arms of the World. New York: Stackpole Books. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-0-88029-601-4.〕〔Urdang, p. 801.〕 The M16A1 improvements include a bolt-assist, chromed plated bore and a new 30-round magazine.〔 In 1983, the USMC adopted the M16A2 rifle and the U.S. Army adopted it in 1986. The M16A2 fires the improved 5.56×45mm NATO (M855/SS109) cartridge and has a new adjustable rear sight, case deflector, heavy barrel, improved handguard, pistol grip and buttstock, as well as a semi-auto and three-round burst only fire selector.〔( ARI Research Note 86-19, ANALYSIS OF M16A2 RIFLE CHARACTERISTICS AND RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS ), Arthur D. Osborne, Mellonics Systems Development Division, Litton Systems, Inc., and Seward Smith, ARI Field Unit at Fort Benning, Georgia, TRAINING RESEARCH LABORATORY, U.S. Army - Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, February 1986. "The M16A2 is the result of a Product Improvement Program (PIP); however, it is, for all intents and purposes, a different weapon. The changes are: * A new barrel--changed from 1:12 twist to 1:7 twist and somewhat heavier at the muzzle. * A new muzzle compensated flash suppressor. * A square front sight post for elevation adjustment. * A differently shaped handguard of more durable material. * A strengthened upper receiver, including a brass deflector rib, which supports a new rear eight. The rear sight has a horizontal wheel which is adjustable for ranges of 300 to 800 meters, using a 1-3/4mm aperture. While the sight is set for 300 meters, pushing the flip-type sight forward provides a 5mm aperture for ranges of 0 to 200 meters. A drum-type knob is used for windage adjustment. * The "automatic" firing mode has been replaced with a "burst" mode which fires a maximum of 3 rounds for each trigger pull. * The pistol grip has been remolded to provide for finger grooves and is constructed of a more durable material. * The butt stock has been lengthened by 5/8 inch and is constructed of a more durable material. The butt plate is made of tougher material and designed to minimize slippage."〕〔Venola p. 6-18〕 Adopted in 1998, the M16A4 is the fourth generation of the M16 series.〔Weapons of the Modern Marines, by Michael Green, MBI Publishing Company, 2004, page 16〕 It is equipped with a removable carrying handle and Picatinny rail for mounting optics and other ancillary devices.〔 The M16 has also been widely adopted by other militaries around the world. Total worldwide production of M16s has been approximately 8 million, making it the most-produced firearm of its 5.56 mm caliber.〔(Colt Weapon Systems ).〕 The U.S. Army has largely replaced the M16 in combat units with the shorter and lighter M4 carbine,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/wsh2011/290.pdf )〕 and the U.S. Marine Corps approved a similar change in October 2015.〔 ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「M16 rifle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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